If you’re aware of amplifier design there’s the opportunity for each stage to invert the signal, but that shouldn’t be the case - unless there’s an indavertent op-amp stage. However, hearing aids do have a processing delay of X usec (1/1000 seconds), so for the relevant frequencies when sound travels at 330m/s your amplified wave is going to be out of phase by 180 degrees with the incoming signal due to the phase delay induced vs the unamplified signal. The primary/lowest harmonic for the first 180 shift will always be the worst point for this as the waves are wider so there will potentially be more overlap.
Various things are done with the sound to mitigate against this effect, Phonak notably shifts the frequencies a degree to stop the peaks being congruent. Other manufacturers take different approaches. The problem with tacking it is that you can introduce interference/warbling as the peaks align and then deviate. Though their more recent aids have included a damping system to keep this in check.
The best thing you can do as a user is to either accept a degree more occlusion or speak to your audiologist and take in a sample of the sounds that cause it on your phone. Get them to wind down the gain a little in the area where the aid becomes unstable - especially for louder input levels.