Don’t know if the sound quality of aptX low-latency is good enough for high-quality HA sounds but it’s a BT compression standard owned or originated by Qualcomm that has only a 32 ms latency. aptX - Wikipedia
An additional thought is that possibly in a re-envisioned world that the HA’s need only be high-quality speakers in your ears. And maybe they could even be (lightly) wired, like earbuds if that conquered the latency (and also battery life problems). Something like Bose Hearphones…. Maybe for most except the very active, the HA battery and processor and microphones could actually be in a necklace that you wore around your neck. You could have a much bigger battery and much faster processor and the necklace could contain an array of microphones all-around, front, sides, and back.
Also (back to the phone as a processor), if the phone could both listen and process speech and the communication with the HA’s were simply one-way - playing the phone sound to your HA’s only, that would cut the latency issues in half (only going phone to ears, not back-and-forth) and maybe aptX low latency would be good enough but you’d lose the advantage in microphone placement that evolution has given your ears. But according to previous Wikipedia “research” that I did, humans can actually make do with an audio latency of up to 125 ms before things like lip sync issues start to kick in. Qualcomm unveils aptX Adaptive to provide high audio quality with low latency - #13 by jim_lewis And see Abram Bailey’s original post at the top of the linked thread. The Wikipedia article on aptX does not have any info on aptX Adaptive, Qualcomm’s latest Hi-Fi codec version, the point of Bailey’s post.
According to this Engadget article, aptX Adaptive is simply the fusion of Qualcomm’s aptX HD and aptX Low Latency standards: aptX Adaptive Bluetooth audio delivers low latency and high quality (and I think aptX Adaptive requires BT 5.0)