This is an open Bluetooth compliant protocol. It can be used by any HA manufacturer or Android phone manufacturer.
Bluetooth has it’s own radio to manage the Bluetooth stack. This partnership was just the initial collaboration to get it started, but it is not a closed source like Apple MFI.
Here is more in a more layman frriendly explanation:
This cleared most of the mud for me:
ASHA is designed to have a minimal impact on battery life with low-latency while maintaining a high quality audio experience for users who rely on hearing aids. We look forward to continually evolving the spec to even better meet the needs of our users.
The spec details the pairing and connectivity, network topology, system architecture, and system requirements for implementing hearing aids using low energy connection-oriented channels. Any hearing aid manufacturer can now build native hearing aid support for Android.
There are still many unanswered questions,that will get answered in the next few months.